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Selasa, 04 Mei 2010

1. Nabi Muhammad SAW

* Etimologi

"Muhammad" in Arabic means "he who is blessed". Muslims believe that Islam brought by Muhammad is the perfection of religions brought by previous prophets. They called him the title Apostle of Allah (رسول الله), and add a sentence Shalallaahu 'alayhi wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), which means "may God give him happiness and safety", often abbreviated as "SAW" or "SAW") after his name. Also Qur'andalam Surah Al-As-SAFF (61:6) mentioned Muhammad by the name "Ahmad" (أحمد), which in Arabic also means "praiseworthy"

* History

The authors sirah (biography) of Muhammad is generally agreed that he was born in the Year of Elephant, the year 570 AD Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca, in southern Arabian Peninsula, a place that when it is the most backward regions in the world, far from the center of commerce, arts, and science. His father, Abdullah, died in the travel trade in Yathrib, when Muhammad was still in the womb. He left the property five camels, a flock of sheep and a slave woman named Umm Ayman who then take care of the Prophet.

At the time of Muhammad was six years old, his mother Aminah bint Wahab take him to Yathrib (Madinah) to visit family and visit the grave of his father. But on the way home, her mother fell ill. After several days, Aminah died in Abwa 'which is located not far from Yathrib, and was buried there. After his mother died, Muhammad was guarded by his grandfather, 'Abd al-Muttalib. After her grandfather died, he guarded by his uncle, Abu Talib. When he is asked to herding his goats around Mecca and often accompanied his uncle in their commercial affairs into the land of Sham (Syria, Lebanon and Palestine).Almost all hadith scholars and historians agree that Muhammad was born in the month Rabiulawal, although they disagreed about the date. Among Shiites, according to the guidance of the Imam who is a direct descendant of Muhammad, stating that he was born on Friday, 17Rabiulawal, while Sunnis believe that he was born on Monday, 12 Rabiulawal or (August 2 570M)

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2. Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton, scientists largest and most influential works ever lived on earth, born in Woolsthrope, England, right on Christmas day in 1642, the year coinciding with the death of Galileo. Like the Prophet Muhammad, he was born after his father died. In the boy he had shown real skill in the field of mechanics and very skillful with his hands. Although children with brains, in schools seem reluctant and not much attention. When stepping on baliq grown, his mother withdrew him from school in the hope that his son could be a good farmer. Fortunately the mother could be persuaded, that the main talent lies not in there. At age eighteen he entered the University of Cambridge. This is where Newton is rapidly absorbed what was then known to science and math and quickly also began doing his own investigation. Between the age of twenty one and twenty-seven years he has laid the foundations of scientific theory which, in turn, then change the world.

Mid-17th century is the period of hatchery science. The discovery of nearby stars binoculars beginning of this century has revolutionized the entire opinion about astrology. English philosopher Francis Bacon and the French philosopher Rene Descartes both cried out to scientists all over Europe that no longer rely on the authority of Aristotle, but to experiment and research on the basic point of departure and his own purposes. What was put forward by Bacon and Descartes, has been practiced by the great Galileo. Use binoculars stars, new inventions to Newton's research has revolutionized astronomy by field investigation, and he was doing in the mechanics sector has resulted in what is now known as "Newton's laws of motion" of the first.

Another great scientist, like William Harvey, discoverer of blood circulation and Happenings inventor Johannes Kepler motion grammar planets around the sun, presents very basic information for the scholars. Still, pure science is still a favorite of the intellectuals, and still can not be proved, when used in technology-that science can change the basic pattern of human life, as predicted by Francis Bacon.

While Copernicus and Galileo was kicked to the side a few presumption digress about the ancient knowledge and understanding which has served more genah about the universe, but no one else that defined the subject matter thoroughly capable of turning the pile understanding gurem and unfounded as she arranges them in a
theoretical predictions allow the development of a more scientific. None other than Isaac Newton was the one who could present a collection of neatly summarized the theory and laid the first stone of modern science which is now the current fad so people.

Newton himself was reluctant to issue and announced his findings. The basic idea has been drawn up long before the year 1669 but a lot of new theories are public knowledge for years afterward. Issuance of the first invention is related to the old belief in reverse penjungkir about things light. In a series of careful experiments, Newton discovered the fact that what is commonly called the "white light" is actually none other than that contained a mixture of all colors in the rainbow. And she went with a very careful analysis of the legal consequences of reflection and refraction of light. He's holding on this law-in the year 1668 - well designed and built the first reflecting telescope, binoculars model used by most investigators kemintang current-star. These findings, together with the results obtained in the field of optical experiments that have been diperagakannya, dedicated by him to the British royal institute researcher when he was twenty-nine years.

Newtonian successes in the field of optics alone may be sufficient to settle the order of the list of Newtonian on this book.
Meanwhile, there are discoveries of lesser importance in the field of pure mathematics and in the field of mechanics. Greatest offerings in the field of mathematics is the invention of "integral calculus" which may be solved when he was twenty three, twenty four years. This discovery is the most important works in the field of modern mathematics. Not just like a seed that grows therefrom modern mathematical theory, but also furniture inevitable that without his invention of modern advancement of knowledge that comes after is impossible.Although Newton did not do anything else, the discovery of "integral calculus" he alone was sufficient to lead him to a tall ladder in this list.

But Newton's discoveries in the fields of mechanics, most importantly, knowledge about the movement thing. Galileo was the inventor of the first law of motion describing the object if something is not influenced by outside forces.
Of course, all objects are basically influenced by outside forces and issues are most important in the mechanical particulars is how objects move under the circumstances. This problem is solved by Newton's laws of motion in the second and famous and can be regarded as laws of classical physics the most important. The second law (in matcmatik translated it with the equation F = ma) specifies that the object acceleration is equal to the net force divided by mass of the object. Newton's second law to add the famous third law of motion (claims that in every action, such as physical strength, have the same reaction to the contrary) and the most famous scientific discoveries about the rule of law of universal gravity. All four devices to this law, if combined, would form a unified system applicable for the whole macro-mechanics systems, ranging from the pendulum to the motion pergoyangan planets in orbit around the sun that can be monitored and his movements can be predicted.Newton did not just set the laws of mechanics, but he himself also used the tools of mathematical calculus, and show that these fundamental formulas can be used for solving the problem.

Newton's laws can and are already used in a wide-scale scientific and technical equipment of various fields of design.
In his lifetime, pemraktekan the most dramatic is in the field of astronomy. In this sector, even Newton standing at the front. Year 1678 Newton published his famous mathematical principles of natural philosophy (usually summarized Principia only). In the book, Newton put forward his theory of gravity and the laws of the laws of motion. He shows how these laws can be used to estimate accurately the movements of planets around the sun.The major problem gestures astronomy is how to estimate the exact position and movement-kemintang stars and planets, thus fully solved by the Newton just one sambar. On Newton's works were often considered the greatest astronomer of all the greatest.

What is our assessment of the significance of Newton scholarship?
If we open-science open a free index, we will find particulars about Newton and the laws and the findings of two or three times more numerous than the particulars of any scientist. Great scholars word that Leibniz was not close to Newton's even been involved in a quarrel bitterly: "Of all the matters relating to the world of mathematics from start growing until the Newton, the ones who give the best contribution." Also praise given by the great French scholar, The Laplace: "The Book of Newton's Principia is far above all products of human genius in the world." And Langrange often said that Newton was the greatest genius who ever lived. While Ernst Mach in his writings in the year 1901 said, "All that has been unsolved math problem since their lifetime is the basic mechanics of development, based on Newton's laws." This is probably the major discovery of the most intricate Newton: he found a container of separation between facts and the law , able to describe some of the magic but not much help to make these allegations, he bequeath to us the laws of the continuum that can be used for physical problems within the scope of the secrets contained very broad and likely to make the right guesses.

In this concise descriptions, it is impossible to disclose in detail the discoveries of Newton.
As a result, many of the works rather less well known are forced to set aside even have an important meaning in terms of discovery in the field of their own problems. Newton also gave a big contribution in the field of thermodynamics (the investigation of the heat) and in the fields of acoustics (the science of sound). And he was instrumental in the shaping that serves as a crystal clear explanation of physical principles of "preservation" amount to no wasted motion, and "preserving" the amount of angular motion of something. Queue this finding could be extended again if you like: Newtonlah people found the binomial theorem in mathematics is very logical and accountable. Want to add more? He also, none other than, the first person who expresses convincingly Happenings origin of stars.

Now, because this: Newton's scientists put the most thumbs up from all the scientists who ever lived on earth.
Most gleaming like an emerald in the middle of the pile stone. Put it that way.However, there may be people who question what the reasons put Newton on the giant frontman politicians such as Alexander the Great or George Washington, and instead called the first major religious figures like Jesus or Buddha Gautama. Why should it?

My consideration of this.
True, political changes are important if not paramount importance.Even so, however, the greatest Part of the general human life hardly much difference between them at the age of five hundred years after Alexander died with them in the days of five hundred before Alexander came from his mother's womb. In other words, the way people live in the year 1500 CE in a way similar to the way life's great-great-grandfather, son, son of their great-grandfather in the year 1500 BC. Now, look at from the point of developments in science. In five of the last century, thanks to modern scientific discoveries, the way of everyday human life already experiencing great revolution. How to dress differently, eat different ways, different way of working and manifold. Even, relaxed way of life-careless berleha even not at all similar to what is done to the year 1500 Anno Domini era. Scientific discoveries have revolutionized not only the technology and economics, but also have changed the terms of the total political, religious thought, art and philosophy. Very langkalah aspects of human life that remains "squatting in places" not moved an inch even with the existence of a scientific revolution. The reason for this-once again-for this reason that so the reasons why so many scientists and inventors of new ideas contained in this book list. Newton not only the most intelligent among the rows of smart brain brain, but once he's most influential figures in the development of scientific theories. That's why he got the honor for the top seated in order of most of the many of the most influential man in human history. Newton's final breath in 1727, was buried in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to obtain such Tribute


3. Isa almasih



4. Buddha

for other uses of the Buddha, see the Buddha (disambiguation). For the name of religion, see Buddhism.

Buddha (Sanskrit: बुद्ध means. Those who are aware, Yang achieve true enlightenment. From the Sanskrit word: "Budh", to know) is the degree to which individuals realize their full potential for promoting and developing self-consciousness. In contemporary usage, it is often used to refer Siddhartha Gautama, the religious teacher and the founder of Buddhism (considered to be 'the Buddha for this time "). In other uses, he is the attraction and an example for humans who have awakened.
Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama Buddha as the first or last. Technically, a Buddha, someone who finds the Dharma or Dhamma (the mean: The Truth; case the actual reason, the difficulty of the human condition, and the true path to freedom through awareness, comes after a good karma (destination) dikekalkan balanced and all bad actions adept not be abandoned. Achieving nirvana (nibbana) among the three types of Buddha are similar, but Samma-Sambuddha emphasize more on quality and effort than the other two. Three types of Buddhist groups are :

  • Samma-Sambuddha yang mendapat Kesadaran penuh tanpa guru, hanya dengan usaha sendiri
  • Pacceka-Buddha atau Pratyeka-Buddha yang menyerupai Samma-Sambuddha, tetapi senantiasa diam dan menyimpan pencapaian Dharma pada diri sendiri.
  • Savaka-Buddha yang merupakan Arahat (pengikut kesadaran), tetapi mencapai tahap Kesadaran dengan mendengar Dhamma.

    Kitap Suci agama Buddha adalah Tripitaka.


5. Confucius

6. Saint Paul

7. Thai Lun

8. Johan Gutemberg

9. Christopher Columbus

10. Albert Einstein

11. Karl Marx

12. Louis Pasteur

13. Galileo Galilei

14. Aristoteles

15. V.I. Lenin

16. Nabi Musa

17. Charles Darwin

18. Chin Huang Ti

19. Agustus Caesar

20. Mao Tse-tung

21. Genghis Khan

22. Euclid

23. Martin Luther

24. Nicolas Copernicus

25. James Watt

26. Constantine the Great

27. George Washington

28. Michael Faraday

29. James Clerk Maxwell

30. Orville dan Wilbur Wright

31. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

32. Sigmund Freud

33. lskandar Zulkarnaen

34. Napoleon Bonaparte

35. Adolf Hitler

36. William Shakespeare

37. Adam Smith

38. Thomas Edison

39. Anton van Leuwenhoek

40. Plato

41. Gugleilmo Marconi

42. Ludwig van Beethoven

43, Werner Heisenberg

44. Alexander G Bell

45. Alexander Fleming

46. Simon Bolivar

47. Oliver Cromwell

48. John Locke

49. Michelangelo

50. Pans Urban II

51. Umar bin Khatab

52. Asoka

53. Sam Augustine

54. Max Planck

55. John Calvin

56. William Morton

57. William Harvey

58. Antoine Becquerel

59. Greger Mendel

60. Joseph Lister

61. Nicholas August Otto

62. Louis Daguerre

63. Joseph Stalin

64. Rene Descartes

65. Julius Caesar

66. Francisco Pizarro

67. Hernando Cortes

68. Ratu Isabella I

69. William the Congqueror

70. Thomas Jefferson

71. Jean Jacques Rousseau

72. Edward Jenner

73. Wilhelm Rontgen

74. Johan Sebastian Bach

25. James Watt

75. Lau-tzu

76. Enrico Ferni

77. Thomas Maltus

78. Francis Bacon

79. Voltaire

80. John F. Kennedy

81. Gregory Pincus

82. Sui Wen Ti

83. Mani (Manes)

84. Vasco da Gama

85. Charlemagne

86. Cyrys the Great

87. Leonard Euler

88. Nicollo Machiavelli

89. Zoroaster

90. Menes

91. Peter the Great

92. Mencius

93. John Dalton

94. Homer

95. Ratu Elizabeth I

96. Justinian I

97. Johannes Kepler

98. Pablo Picasso

9

9. Mahavira

100. Niels Bohr


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